Benet, Alfred - studied Psychometrics - looks at measurement of the mental process.  "I can't measure how you think, but I can ask a question and you can answer it - critical thinking." (Translation into another form).  First written intelligence (IQ) test.  When he developed the test, it was not meant to be an IQ test…meant to be a placement test.  (Put students in the right grades).  From France.  
